Cards can be modified for revised access or disabled all together. In an emergency situation the entire facility can be put on lockdown. The system also gives an accounting of all employees present during the emergency. The addition of a Video Surveillance System gives an added level of security and a visual recording of all events. Furthermore, video systems can be accessed by authorities during extreme cases such as an intruder. Integrating intrusion , access control, and video surveillance helps to streamline searching for recorded video as well as helps reduce false alarms caused by user error.
Most attacks on swipe card data compromise the readers at ATMs or the stored data records with suppliers. Swipe card access is read-only. Owners can use it only in passive mode, without deployingwriting capabilities and changing the data in a system. Smart cards, on the other hand, use both reading and writing modes. Magnetic stripe cards enable individual tracking and audit trails.
As the most simple and traditional access control method, swipe card access control has some disadvantages over the alternative forms of access control. Swipe cards can be unreliable. Sometimes, the magnetic stripe can get damaged or corrupted, in turn making the data unreadable and creating difficulties for the person using the card, who will have to swipe multiple times until the data is read properly.
In general, magnetic access cards are considered less secure than the alternatives, because it takes less advanced technology to copy the device data and misuse it for theft or stolen identity purposes. These cards are basically most similar to mechanical keys. Magnetic cards cannot cover a range of industries.
For example, NFC is increasingly present not only in access control systems, but also in mobile payments, transports, redeeming rewards and many other consumer uses. Swipe card access systems cannot provide multi-technology authentication, unless they are upgraded with additional access control tools, for example, smart cards that can support telephone or Internet lines as backup supply solutions.
A key fob is a type of access badge or security token. It acts as a wireless remote control device that allows users to access their buildings, offices, and cars. Such key fobs are usually utilized for locations with regular human traffic but requires entrants to authenticate their access, and it does that by initializing the built-in security access system each time the fob is activated.
Key fobs are used in apartment buildings, condominiums, offices and buildings worldwide, which often contain a RFID tag. It operates similarly to a proximity card, where they communicate access credential information via a reader pad with a central server for the building.
Key fobs can be programmed to allow time restricted and location restricted access to permitted areas. Locking and unlocking a door with a key fob usually only requires you to push a button on your fob.
Some key fobs provides two-factor authentication where an user has a personal identification number PIN , which authenticates them as the device's owner. Key fobs are an integral component of keyless entry systems, especially in the automotive industry where they are used to unlock your car door from a distance. However, it still requires a physical object to be issued to users before they can begin electronically unlocking their doors.
This means that losing your key fob is still a very real possibility that would prevent you from accessing your space, and undermine the security of your building or car. The key fob or wireless remote usually operates in conjunction with a reader and an electronic lock e. The key fob communicates with the reader using radio wave signals—RFID technology. The reader receives the ID information from the fob, authenticates it, and in turn relays an instruction to your door lock to perform an unlock event if the credentials are authorized.
Both the key fob on your keychain and the access control system have memory chips that allow the fob to work. When the button is pressed on the fob, it sends a code to the door with the instructions as to what the door should do, whether that is to lock or unlock the door. If the code sent to the access control system matches, it will perform that action and unlock the door.
The code is randomly generated each time the fob is used. This code utilizes a bit Wiegand protocol when communicating instructions from the fob to the system. It is a binary code with different possible combinations per fob, and there can be up to 65, ID numbers that would work for each code.
Matching each code with each ID, you can issue up to 16,, fobs without ever duplicating a user. Programming the key fob is essentially making sure that the access control system and the fob are synchronized so that the door would recognize the codes the fob is sending. The frequency of the transmitter determines the maximum distance that will allow the key fob to send a code to the door. Quick note: If your fob only works when you get near the access badge, it might be utilizing a simple coil e.
When the polarity of the bars aligns in the same direction, the card is blank. To write data requires a process called flux reversal. Basically, the polarity of a bar is reversed so that the north pole is facing the north pole of the adjacent bar N-N or the south pole is facing the south pole S-S. This causes a change in the magnetic field that can be detected by the card reader. Since there can be two different flux reversals, N-N or S-S, there can be two different information states.
This corresponds nicely to the binary system of 1s and 0s used by computers. Writing the data requires the use of an encoder. The encoder has an electromagnet that acts as the encoding head. The solenoid is shaped like a ring with a small piece missing. The two ends, north pole and south pole, face each other across this gap, creating a magnetic field.
This field varies in strength with the level of current sent through the solenoid. As a general rule, if your card is an NFC card, then it will have a secure communication protocol enabled. Refer back to the NFC article for an explanation of this. While RFID is a general protocol about sharing information over certain radio frequencies, the NFC standard is a set of strict rules that all NFC cards have to follow, and that includes security, and strength of the connection.
Many access control systems, like HID more on HID in a later section , only allow you to use their proprietary access cards to function with their readers.
While this does allow for more control on the part of the admin and the company itself, it means that you might accumulate a bunch of mutually incompatible cards in your wallet. For more details on this feature, visit this link. You can also find a screenshot of the Kisi dashboard, where you can assign and unassign any NFC token or card that you already have at your disposal.
As you may have guessed reading up to this point, NFC and RFID and even Bluetooth tags are so versatile and small that they are installed in every modern smartphone as well. As a result, many modern access control companies like Kisi are leveraging these capabilities to allow you to use your phone as an access card for entering a building. Smartphones can allow themselves to have far more heightened security and encryption protocols, as they are not as limited in size as access cards or fobs.
We will take a brief detour now to talk about HID cards. HID cards are generally quite secure and have many fail-safes.
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